In situ characterisation for studying nucleation and growth of nanostructured materials and thin films during liquid-based synthesis

Abstract Knowledge about the nucleation, growth, and formation mechanisms during materials synthesis using sol-gel solution-based methods is important to design a material with desired properties. We used aqueous chemical as an environmentally friendly highly flexible route tailored reproducible of oxide nanomaterials thin films. For studies hydrothermal in situ cell synchrotron X-ray diffraction was investigate Sr x Ba 1-x Nb 2 O 6 piezoelectrics. Aqueous solution deposition phase pure oriented piezoelectric films demands strong control processing parameters. An for annealing crystallisation steps understand nucleation 0.85 Ca 0.15 Zr 0.1 Ti 0.9 3 (BCZT). discuss how knowledge growth obtained by characterisation can be optimal procedure fabrication